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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Chronic Disease Concept Map, Undesirable side effects: Weight gain Hypoglycemic episodes GI upset Sexual dysfunction Fluid retention Depression, Macrovascular damage: Heart disease (CAD and PAD) Stroke Microvascular damage: Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy Sexual dysfunction leads to Functional limitations: Balance Mobility Vision Elimination Pain Sensation Self-care deficit, Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Extreme fatigue Weight loss Blurred vision Genital itching Thrush infection Slow healing wounds leads to Diagnosis, Healthy diet Weight loss if BMI > 25 Regular exercise Oral glucose lowering drugs Tight glycemic control Daily blood sugar monitoring Smoking cessation exams Yearly: Urinalysis for albumin Foot inspection Eye exam Blood pressure Lipid levels, Macrovascular damage: Heart disease (CAD and PAD) Stroke Microvascular damage: Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy Sexual dysfunction leads to Personal/social limitations: Embarrassment/hypoglycemic episodes Romantic relationships Isolation, Fasting blood sugar > 126 mg/dL in 2 separate tests completed at separate times. ???? Healthy diet Weight loss if BMI > 25 Regular exercise Oral glucose lowering drugs Tight glycemic control Daily blood sugar monitoring Smoking cessation, Depression effects Compliance to daily regimen, Diagnosis delayed 9 to 12 years hyperglycemia begins d/t lack of symptoms, Personal/social limitations: Embarrassment/hypoglycemic episodes Romantic relationships Isolation Depression, Depression New medications and medical care, Inability to convert food into energy leads to Hyperglycemia, Healthy diet Weight loss if BMI > 25 Regular exercise Oral glucose lowering drugs Tight glycemic control Daily blood sugar monitoring Smoking cessation Desired outcome Tightly controlled glucose levels Glycosated hemoglobin ɞ% No development of complications or Delayed development of complications, Body's inability to use insulin Inability to convert food into energy, Body's inability to use insulin Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Extreme fatigue Weight loss Blurred vision Genital itching Thrush infection Slow healing wounds, 9 to 12 years hyperglycemia begins d/t lack of symptoms Macrovascular damage: Heart disease (CAD and PAD) Stroke Microvascular damage: Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy Sexual dysfunction, Decreased insulin production and/or Body's inability to use insulin, Healthy diet Weight loss if BMI > 25 Regular exercise Oral glucose lowering drugs Tight glycemic control Daily blood sugar monitoring Smoking cessation inadequate or noncompliance leads to Macrovascular damage: Heart disease (CAD and PAD) Stroke Microvascular damage: Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy Sexual dysfunction, Bi-monthly: Glycosated Hemoglobin ???? Tightly controlled glucose levels Glycosated hemoglobin ɞ% No development of complications or Delayed development of complications, Greater than 40 yoa Large waistline - truncal obesity Overweight - BMI > 27 Elevated triglycerides Low HDL level Elevated blood pressure physical manifestations Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Extreme fatigue Weight loss Blurred vision Genital itching Thrush infection Slow healing wounds, New medications and medical care causes Undesirable side effects: Weight gain Hypoglycemic episodes GI upset Sexual dysfunction Fluid retention